Fluid Resuscitation
Posted: Tuesday, April 28th, 2020 | Updated: Monday, February 7th, 2022
Posted: Tuesday, April 28th, 2020 | Updated: Monday, February 7th, 2022
Canine
The Shock Dose of a balanced crystalloid fluid is roughly a 20 ml/kg bolus (¼ of 90 ml/kg/hr)
Feline
The Shock Dose of a balanced crystalloid fluid is roughly a 10 ml/kg bolus (¼ of 44 ml/kg/hr)
Notes:
Monitor and reassess the patient’s perfusion before and after each resuscitation effort: Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Capillary Refill Time, Urine Output
Aim for the following blood pressure parameters for adequate perfusion:
Systolic BP: 90-100 mmHg
MAP BP: >60 mmHg
Diastolic BP: >40 mmHg
Urine output should be >1 ml/kg/hr
Capillary Refill Time should be 1-2 seconds
Fluids commonly used during fluid resuscitation efforts: Lactated Ringer’s Solution, Plasmalyte, Normosol, or Normal Saline
Always account for and measure ongoing fluid losses if able. They can be in the form of: urine, vomit, diarrhea, wound exudates, and body cavity effusions
Estimate 1 gram of fluid = 1 ml of fluid
Insensible fluid losses include: Sweat, cellular metabolism, and panting. Insensible losses equate to roughly 20 ml/kg/day
Veterinarians may consider synthetic colloids, colloids, pain management, and other drugs to help with perfusion if crystalloids alone are not sufficient
Maintenance Fluid Requirement Calculation (add fluid deficits and any ongoing losses)
Fluid Requirement in mL = (30 x Body mass in kg) + 70
Fluid Deficit Calculation (correct over a 24 hour period)
Fluid Deficit in mL = Body mass in kg x % dehydrated x 1000
Free Water Deficit Calculation (correct over 48 to 72 hours)
Free Water Deficit in mL = Fluid 0.4 x Body mass in kg x [(Plasma sodium)/140) - 1]
Colloid Administration
If colloids are needed to retain fluid in the intravascular space, crystalloid fluids should be decreased by 25 to 50% to prevent vascular overload
The Shock Dose of a balanced crystalloid fluid is roughly a 20 ml/kg bolus (¼ of 90 ml/kg/hr)
Feline
The Shock Dose of a balanced crystalloid fluid is roughly a 10 ml/kg bolus (¼ of 44 ml/kg/hr)
Notes:
Monitor and reassess the patient’s perfusion before and after each resuscitation effort: Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Capillary Refill Time, Urine Output
Aim for the following blood pressure parameters for adequate perfusion:
Systolic BP: 90-100 mmHg
MAP BP: >60 mmHg
Diastolic BP: >40 mmHg
Urine output should be >1 ml/kg/hr
Capillary Refill Time should be 1-2 seconds
Fluids commonly used during fluid resuscitation efforts: Lactated Ringer’s Solution, Plasmalyte, Normosol, or Normal Saline
Always account for and measure ongoing fluid losses if able. They can be in the form of: urine, vomit, diarrhea, wound exudates, and body cavity effusions
Estimate 1 gram of fluid = 1 ml of fluid
Insensible fluid losses include: Sweat, cellular metabolism, and panting. Insensible losses equate to roughly 20 ml/kg/day
Veterinarians may consider synthetic colloids, colloids, pain management, and other drugs to help with perfusion if crystalloids alone are not sufficient
Maintenance Fluid Requirement Calculation (add fluid deficits and any ongoing losses)
Fluid Requirement in mL = (30 x Body mass in kg) + 70
Fluid Deficit Calculation (correct over a 24 hour period)
Fluid Deficit in mL = Body mass in kg x % dehydrated x 1000
Free Water Deficit Calculation (correct over 48 to 72 hours)
Free Water Deficit in mL = Fluid 0.4 x Body mass in kg x [(Plasma sodium)/140) - 1]
Colloid Administration
If colloids are needed to retain fluid in the intravascular space, crystalloid fluids should be decreased by 25 to 50% to prevent vascular overload
Sources:
Ford, Richard B., and Elisa M. Mazzaferro. Kirk and Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 8th ed., Saunders Elsevier, 2006.
Poli, Gerardo. MiniVet Guide: Companion Animal Medicine. InHouse Publishing, 2016.
Ford, Richard B., and Elisa M. Mazzaferro. Kirk and Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 8th ed., Saunders Elsevier, 2006.
Poli, Gerardo. MiniVet Guide: Companion Animal Medicine. InHouse Publishing, 2016.